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                    <text>Constantijn Huygens to Amalia von Solms-Braunfels</text>
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                    <text>Constantijn Huygens</text>
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                    <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag</text>
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                    <text>27 September 1633</text>
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                  <text>The correspondence displayed here showcases examples of the different types of letter sent and received by six of the Dutch and Frisian stadtholders' wives between the years 1605 and 1726.</text>
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                  <text>Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING</text>
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              <text>Madame,&#13;
&#13;
Les petits papiers sont tousjours de saison: car ici il n’y a que les poètes qui en pourroyent remplir de grands: les historiens ne le sçauroyent en conscience. Car certainement il n’y a rien ici d’importance et véritable, sinon que Mess. les députés Terestein, Kruyt et Walta revindrent hier au soir bien tard, et aujourd'huy matin se sont trouvés en conférence aveq Monseigneur le Prince, qui ce mesme jour à commencé à donner ordre pour le remuement de l’armée, laquelle nous croyons qu’il fera marcher après-demain. Pour le chemin qu’elle tiendra, je sçay bien que Votre Altesse n’en attend point la particularité, ni de mon debvoir, ni de mon ignorance. Je demeureray donc toujours dans l’histoire du passé, et n’en trouvant plus aucune ici depuis mes dernières, vous supplieray de me permettre encor l’honneur de me dire Madame de Votre Altesse, le plus humble obéissant et fidèle serviteur, C.H. &#13;
&#13;
Au camp à Dommelen, le 27e sept. 1633</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/69f002da-1994-418d-9cc4-d8d544d64121"&gt;Constantijn Huygens&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/41d626f5-d98b-4e78-a67f-0138c655dafd"&gt;Amalia von Solms-Braunfels&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/work/ce61d123-5d06-4012-bd0c-2d983461c7a7"&gt;EMLO Letter Record&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Constantijn Huygens to Amalia von Solms-Braunfels</text>
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                <text>This letter is an exquisite example of one of the small — in terms of size — letters Constantijn wrote to Amalia. Such minute and discrete letters were written during the military campaigns in which Constantijn reported frequently to Amalia regarding developments on the battlefield and concerning the wellbeing of her husband Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau. In this particular letter, Huygens announces that Frederik Hendrik has given orders to his army to break camp.</text>
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                <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag&#13;
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                    <text>Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange) to Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau</text>
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                    <text>June 1641</text>
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                    <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag</text>
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                    <text>A14–XIA, fol. 34</text>
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                  <text>The correspondence displayed here showcases examples of the different types of letter sent and received by six of the Dutch and Frisian stadtholders' wives between the years 1605 and 1726.</text>
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                  <text>Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING</text>
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              <text>R. 25 junii 1641&#13;
&#13;
Monsieur mon beau-père, puisque Monsieur le Prince Guilliaume vous donnera sette lettre, je me remeteray à luy à vous assurer du désir que j'ay de vous pouvoir faire voir par mes actions l'estime que je fais de vos bonnes grâces et le soing que je aporteray toujours à les conserver comme une chose qui m'est très chère, ce que j vous suplie de croyre, comme estant, Monsieur, mon beau-père, vostre très affectionée et obéïsant fille,&#13;
Marie</text>
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          <name>Sender</name>
          <description>Sender of a letter</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/work/335f6681-327c-4c1e-89b6-94e4c45901ef?sort=date-a&amp;amp;rows=50&amp;amp;people=Mary%20Stuart%20(Princess%20Royal%20and%20Princess%20of%20Orange)&amp;amp;baseurl=/forms/advanced&amp;amp;start=0&amp;amp;type=advanced&amp;amp;numFound=428"&gt;Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <description>Recipient of a letter</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/0b238251-f04b-478b-92a9-a8e15b4ea55a"&gt;Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <description>Origin of a letter</description>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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          <description>Destination of a letter</description>
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              <text>MS Letter</text>
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          <name>EMLO Catalogue</name>
          <description>Direct link to EMLO catalogue</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/work/335f6681-327c-4c1e-89b6-94e4c45901ef"&gt;Letter Record&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange) to Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau</text>
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                <text>June 1641 </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This letter is Mary's first to Frederik Hendrik and forms part of a group of eleven surviving letters that she wrote to her father-in-law. Frederik Hendrik is reputed to have been very fond of Mary, who at the time of his death in 1647 was still only sixteen. It is likely that this letter was written shortly after the celebration of Mary’s wedding in Whitehall Palace, London, and it was sent via the young bridegroom, Willem II van Oranje-Nassau (1626–1650), to present to his father. In her own hand, Mary expresses she is looking forward to meeting her new father-in-law. The letter is not dated, but at the top of the letter Constantijn Huygens, secretary to Frederik Hendrik, has noted 25 June 1641 as the date of receipt.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>French</text>
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                <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag&#13;
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                <text>A14–XIA, fol. 34</text>
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                <name>Title</name>
                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>Poem included in the draft  letter from Constantijn Huygens to Mary II Stuart (future Queen of England, Schotland, and Ireland), March 1687</text>
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                <name>Subject</name>
                <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                    <text>Last poem of Constantijn Huygens</text>
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                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="295">
                    <text>Was Elzabet of great renowne,&#13;
God bless our Marie with a Crowne,&#13;
By two more and one letter&#13;
Sh’ll prove an Elzabetter.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                    <text>March 1687</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/b3fbfdb2-82b2-4be2-bda8-8c60bb1b1479"&gt;Mary II Stuart (Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>À Son Altesse Royale, &#13;
Madame, &#13;
Ce n'est icy, Madame, qu'un morceau de poême qui devoit servir d'entrée à un plus grand récit, dans lequel on verrait au sujet de vostre personne royale un grand nombre de ces véritez que V. A. a tant de peine à se laisser dire. Mais en somme,  c'est tout ce que le costi a pu gaigner sur la goutte, se divertissant aux dépens d'un malade de 90 ans, comme il ne paroit que trop dans ma conclusion abrupte et précipitée. V.A. ne devoit jamais avoir veu la bagatelle, mais il m'a falu obéir. &#13;
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                <text>Only three letters survive from Constantijn Huygens to Mary Stuart, the daughter of James II and herself the future queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. In January 1687, when this particular letter was written, Mary and her husband Willem were both still living in the Dutch Republic.&#13;
&#13;
The letter accompanies a poem Constantijn composed for Mary. He dismisses the poem as a ‘trifle’ that he had been able to write only by taking costus, a medicinal plant thought to offer temporary relief from the symptoms of gout. The poem consists of nine stanzas and begins with the glorification of the beauty of the earth and the sun. Constantijn praises the famous painters who immortalized on canvas the triumphs of the house of Orange [Oranje] and he declares Mary's beauty to be comparable only with the finest and most brilliant star. He expresses also his admiration for 'La Grande' Britain and for Mary's royal lineage. After the eighth stanza the eulogies end somewhat abruptly and Constantijn asks for God's blessing. In the final stanza, Constantijn explains that he must finish his poem, calling the ode a mere mental exercise, a musing, that was written during periods of respite between attacks of gout.&#13;
&#13;
This letter turned out to be the last Constantijn ever wrote; he died on 28 March at the age of ninety.</text>
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                  <text>The correspondence displayed here showcases examples of the different types of letter sent and received by six of the Dutch and Frisian stadtholders' wives between the years 1605 and 1726.</text>
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              <text>[Noted on top of the letter in the original handwriting of Sophia Hedwig:] Dieses ist das letzte Schreiben das ich von meinem H. lieben Sohn Heinrich bekommen habe, welches er mit seiner todten Handt 3 Tage für seinem Todt geschrieben hatt.&#13;
&#13;
Pf. Willingen 21/31 julii 1640&#13;
Madame,&#13;
Jusques icy ma foiblesse ne m’a pas permis de m’acquiter de mon devoir, mais à cest heure que je commence à conforter, je prands la plume à la main pour dire à Votre Excellence que c’est aujourd’huy le sincquiesme jour que je suis esté blessé et que ma playe s’amende de jour à autre plus que les médecins ont aussé espérer. Je ne feray plus long discours ai me contenteray de finir ça, me signant, Madame, de Votre Excellence, très humble et très obeisant serviteur,&#13;
H. C. de Nassau&#13;
Ce 8 de juliet 1640</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/88f602ad-4cc2-44f0-b03f-eefc54797e30"&gt;Hendrik Casimir van Nassau-Dietz&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/88516f91-5ebb-44c5-b56d-78d8783b7249"&gt;Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Origin</name>
          <description>Origin of a letter</description>
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              <text>Hulst</text>
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          <description>Destination of a letter</description>
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              <text>MS Letter</text>
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          <name>EMLO Catalogue</name>
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                <text>Hendrik Casimir van Nassau-Dietz to Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel</text>
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                <text>8 July 1640</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85">
                <text>Of the 151 letters currently in Sophia Hedwig's catalogue, twenty letters were written by her son Hendrik Casimir, who sent frequent reports to his mother about both his wellbeing and the military actions of what became known as the Eighty Years War in which he was heavily involved. On 4 July 1640, at the battle of Hulst, Hendrik Casimir was gravely injured. Although it seemed initially that he would recover, he died on 8 July. In his final days, he wrote two comforting and optimistic letters to his mother, the last one of which is displayed here. It is not clear precisely when Sophia Hedwig heard the news, but she received this letter only twenty-three days after his death. In her own hand she scribbled at the top of the page that it was the last letter she had received from her beloved son, and that he had written it three days before his death.</text>
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                <text>French</text>
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                <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="955">
                <text>A23a-030</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/3064ff5a-9f95-41ed-81a3-3cfe1f91b784"&gt;Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/b8b7e427-5e14-4de8-9d32-8956315a0eb8"&gt;Johan de Witt&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Mijnheere,&#13;
&#13;
Soo haest ick mijn met overmaatige droeffheit overstolpt gemoet eenigsintz hebb connen afftrecken van de droevige contemplatie van het aldergrootste ongeluck dat mij in deese werelt conde overcommen, soo hebbe ick onder de brieven van wijlen de heere Prince Wilhelm Frederic van Nassau, mijn hertgelieffde gemahl, Christ. ende hoochs. gedachtenisse, cortz voor zijnen doodt geschreven, onder anderen oock vindende die van Uw Ed., in dato den 25 der voorleden maent, niet connen ledich staen, deselve mitz deesen te betuygen, hoe gevoelich ick van de affectie, dewelcke ick daerin ende oock andersintz deurgans hebbe bespeurt, dat Uw Ed. denselven altoos heeft toegedragen.&#13;
Ende off ick mij dienvolgende wel van zijn goetheit betoone dat Uw Ed. aen mijn eenigste soontje Henrick Casimir, Furst tot Nassau, stadthouder van deese provinciën, soodane zijne genegentheid sall gelieven te continueeren,</text>
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              <text>soo heb ick oock ten overvloede Uw Ed. daerom mitz deesen gedienst ende serieuselijck wel willen versoecken met verseeckeringe dat welgem. mijn vriendelijl[ijcken] lieve zoontje tot zijn jaaeren van discretie gecommen zijnde, niet en sall in gebrecke blijven van sulcke aen hem beweesen faveur met schuldige danckbarheit t'erkennen. Ende wat ick middelerwijle sall connen contribueeren tot Uw E. particuliere vernoegingen, mitzgaders tot uytwerckinge van Haer Ed. Gro. Moo. salutaire intentiën, daertoe sall ick altoos blijde zijn dat mij occasie mooge aen de handt gegeven worden. &#13;
In welcker verwachtinge bevehle Uw Ed. in Godts heilige protectie, &#13;
Leeuwarden den 29 october/8 november 1664, Uw dienstwillige,&#13;
Albertine, P. d'Orange </text>
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              <text>MS Letter</text>
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          <name>EMLO Catalogue</name>
          <description>Direct link to EMLO catalogue</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/work/49d8546b-a114-4612-8c3f-322cdc66b5eb"&gt;Letter Record&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau to Johan de Witt</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>On 31 October 1664 Willem Frederik van Nassau-Dietz, stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe, and husband of Albertine Agnes, died of the injuries sustained when his own gun went off accidentally and destroyed the lower part of his face. After the accident, Willem Frederick lived for several days and during this period wrote several letters, mainly to secure the position of his seven-year old son and successor, Hendrik Casimir. One of these letters was to Grandpensionary Johan de Witt (1625–1672). Apparently De Witt responded by expressing his sympathies, because Albertine Agnes referred to this in the letter we show here, which was written shortly after her husband's death. Five letters from Albertine Agnes to Johan de Witt survive, each on the subject of the securement of her son's position.</text>
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                <text>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag&#13;
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                <text>Archief Johan de Witt [uncatalogued; provisional no. 9540, 1]</text>
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                  <text>The correspondence displayed here showcases examples of the different types of letter sent and received by six of the Dutch and Frisian stadtholders' wives between the years 1605 and 1726.</text>
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                  <text>Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING</text>
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          <name>Sender</name>
          <description>Sender of a letter</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/2fa4f5c7-d701-4043-8a7c-6f575c241930"&gt;Johan Willem Friso van Nassau-Dietz&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Recipient</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/2e518ac8-4f14-4e04-8409-ddb35fb890a1"&gt;Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>11 Septembre 1709, Malplaquet&#13;
&#13;
Madame,&#13;
Je fais ces peux de lignes à Votre Altesse pour luy dire que nous avons livré battaille contre les ennemis, qui étoient très fortement retranché derrière deux hayes et un retranchement. L’affaire a été très sanglante, mais grâce à Dieu nous les avons forcé </text>
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              <text>et nous campons avec notre droitte aux village de Longeville, par où les ennemis se sont retiré.  Grâce à Dieu, je me porte bien, ayant eu deux de mes chevaux de blessé sous moy. Je me recommende aux bons souvenir de Votre Altesse et suis avec un très profond respect, Madame, de Votre Altesse, votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur,&#13;
JG, Prince d’Orange &#13;
&#13;
Au chant de bataille de Longeville, le 11me, au soir à 8 heure&#13;
&#13;
Je prie V.A. d’assurer ma très chere vœux de mes amitiés</text>
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          <name>Origin</name>
          <description>Origin of a letter</description>
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              <text>Malplaquet</text>
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          <name>Destination</name>
          <description>Destination of a letter</description>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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          <name>Letter Type</name>
          <description>MS Manifestation</description>
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              <text>MS Letter</text>
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          <name>EMLO Catalogue</name>
          <description>Direct link to EMLO catalogue</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Johan Willem Friso van Nassau-Dietz to Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>11 September 1709</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83">
                <text>Although no letters from Henriette Amalia to her son have survived, a total of 231 letters from the other side of the correspondence — from Johan Willem Friso to his mother — have been preserved. The majority of these were sent from the battlefields of the Spanish War of Succession, where Johan Willem Friso spent most of his time as a general in the Dutch army.&#13;
&#13;
The letter on display here was sent by Johan Willem Friso at 8 o'clock in the evening of 11 September 1709, just after the conclusion of the Battle of Malplaquet. Although the battle was decided in favour of the allies, thousands of Dutch soldiers lost their lives as a result of a misunderstanding between the British commander John Churchill, first duke of Marlborough, and Johan Willem Friso. This is not the news the young stadtholder reported to his mother, however. He assures her that, although two horses under him had been injured during the intense fighting, he is faring well. </text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>French</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="950">
                <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag&#13;
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                <text>A26a-002-188</text>
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                    <text>Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau to Van der Dussen</text>
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              <element elementId="49">
                <name>Subject</name>
                <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                    <text>Original signature from Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau</text>
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                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                    <text>Detail of a letter from Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau to Van der Dussen</text>
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                <name>Creator</name>
                <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                    <text>Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau to Van der Dussen</text>
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                <name>Date</name>
                <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                    <text>26 June 1702</text>
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              <element elementId="47">
                <name>Rights</name>
                <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                    <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag</text>
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                <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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          <name>Sender</name>
          <description>Sender of a letter</description>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/2e518ac8-4f14-4e04-8409-ddb35fb890a1"&gt;Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <name>Recipient</name>
          <description>Recipient of a letter</description>
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          <name>Origin</name>
          <description>Origin of a letter</description>
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              <text>The Hague</text>
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          <name>Destination</name>
          <description>Destination of a letter</description>
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          <description>Direct link to EMLO catalogue</description>
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              <text>MS Letter</text>
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          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="972">
              <text>No transcript</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau to Van der Dussen</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Detail of a letter with an original signature of Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>15 February 1702</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="732">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="948">
                <text>Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="949">
                <text>A26a-149</text>
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              <element elementId="50">
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                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="323">
                    <text>Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau to Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen</text>
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                <name>Creator</name>
                <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                    <text> </text>
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                  <text>Letters</text>
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