1 10 6 http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/e2348f8a55cac2c506fbdd651738db3a.jpg 8409b144d58b6e536a4beb39bad1231f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amalia von Solms-Braunfels as Diana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard van Honthorst Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1632 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context inv.no. SC/1414 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Type The nature or genre of the resource Painting http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/91ce46c2d6201444a11dad2fa1302633.jpg c6896ab85a96544b0d0d905e9436a6b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amalia von Solms-Braunfels Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1632 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Amalia von Solms-Braunfels Type The nature or genre of the resource Painting Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.6938 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1602 Death Date 1675 Occupation Princess, and from 1647 Dowager Princess, of Orange [Oranje]; daughter of Johann Albrecht I von Solms-Braunfels; wife of Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau. Bibliography <ul> <li>Nadine Akkerman,&nbsp;<em>Courtly Rivals in The Hague. Elizabeth Stuart &amp; Amalia von Solms</em>&nbsp;(Venlo, 2014).</li> <li>Saskia Beranek,&nbsp;<em>Power of the Portrait: Production, Consumption and Display of Portraits of Amalia van Solms in the Dutch Republic</em>, unpublished PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 2013.</li> <li>J. N. Fernhout,&nbsp;<em>Eindelijk weer samen. Inventaris van de archieven van stadhouder Willem II en Amalia van Solms en enige verwanten</em>&nbsp;(The Hague, 2012).</li> <li>Ineke Huysman and Ad Leerintveld, ‘New perspectives of the digitized correspondence of Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687)’,&nbsp;<em>Dutch Crossing,</em>&nbsp;38, 3 (2014), pp. 244–58.</li> <li>Marika Keblusek and Jori Zijlmans, eds,&nbsp;<em>Princely Display: The Court of Frederik Hendrik of Orange and Amalia van Solms in The Hague</em>&nbsp;(Zwolle and The Hague, 1997; translation of&nbsp;<em>Vorstelijk Vertoon</em>, 1997).</li> <li>Peter van der Ploeg and Carola Vermeeren, eds,&nbsp;<em>Princely Patrons: The Collection of Frederick Henry of Orange and Amalia of Solms</em>&nbsp;(Zwolle and The Hague, 1997; translation of&nbsp;<em>Vorstelijk Verzameld</em>, 1997).</li> </ul> Biographical Text Amalia von Solms (1602–1675) was born in Braunfels, the third daughter of Count Johann Albrecht I of Solms-Braunfels, and became lady-in-waiting to the ‘Winter Queen’, Elizabeth Stuart, around 1615. When Elizabeth’s court-in-exile moved to The Hague, Amalia accompanied her mistress and a series of unexpected events led to her marriage in 1625 to the Dutch stadtholder Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau (1584–1647). Amalia’s position allowed her to act as patroness of the arts and thus exert great influence over the development of a new court culture in The Hague. She also played a major role in the arranged marriages of her children and grandchildren, with her eldest son, Stadtholder Willem II van Oranje-Nassau (1625–1640), marrying Mary Stuart, Princess Royal (1631–1660), and her grandson, Stadtholder Willem III (1650–1702), the future king William III of England, marrying Mary Stuart II (1662–1694) (Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland). In addition, Amalia exercised great political influence over her husband and the impact of this continued to be felt in Dutch international relations even after his death. Although she held no formal position, her political weight was recognized by ambassadors, governors, and princely rulers alike. While much of her correspondence has been lost, the letters that survive are primarily those exchanged between Amalia and her secretary Constantijn Huygens, who over a number of years reported daily on the health and mood of her husband and on progress in both military and political affairs. Following the death of Frederik Hendrik, Huygens remained in the service of the Oranje-Nassau family and in this position he corresponded frequently with Amalia, including with regard to the negotiations on the Principality of Oranje and about the tutelage of her grandson Willem III. Recently discovered sources — Amalia’s correspondence with Huygens and her archives in Dessau — have been described as ‘a political biography waiting to be written’. [Akkerman, 2014, p. 103] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amalia von Solms-Braunfels Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/AmaliaVanSolms">Vrouwenlexicon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_of_Solms-Braunfels">Wikipedia</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/837905/">VIAF</a> Description An account of the resource Amalia von Solms (1602–1675) was born in Braunfels, the third daughter of Count Johann Albrecht I of Solms-Braunfels, and became lady-in-waiting to the ‘Winter Queen’, Elizabeth Stuart, around 1615. When Elizabeth’s court-in-exile moved to The Hague, Amalia accompanied her mistress and a series of unexpected events led to her marriage in 1625 to the Dutch Stadtholder Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau (1584–1647). http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/4c721062db65c240f99b5886dd831371.jpg 7b56b700990bb0983fbf59c8e2831d1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerard van Honthorst Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1648 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context inv.no. SC/0041 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Dan Haag Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://www.koninklijkeverzamelingen.nl/mediabank/detail/f828f87c-2f36-5d13-b9cc-ded469db3bdd/media/7a5e86f2-17f7-54ca-93d8-30d89f2437b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1631 Death Date 1660 Occupation Princess Royal; Princess of Orange; consort of Willem II; daughter of Charles I (1600–1649) and Henrietta Maria (1609–1669); mother of Willem [William] III, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1650–1702). Bibliography <ul> <li>T. Birch, ed., <em>A collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe</em> (London, 1742).</li> <li>M. E. Everett Green, <em>Lives of the princesses of England</em> (London, 1855), vol. 6, pp. 100–334.</li> <li>P. Geyl, <em>Oranje en Stuart, 1641–1672</em> (Zeist, 1963).</li> <li>Theod. Jorissen, ‘Amalia van Solms en Maria Stuart’, in Theod. Jorissen, ed., <em>Historische Bladen</em> (Haarlem, 1889), vol. 1, pp. 43–79.</li> <li>S. Groenveld, <em>Verlopend getij: de Nederlandse Republiek en de Engelse burgeroorlog 1640–1646</em> (Dieren, 1984).</li> <li>Marika Keblusek, ‘A divertissiment of little plays. Theater aan de Haagse hoven van Elizabeth van Bohemen en Mary Stuart’, in Jan de Jongste, Juliette Roding, and&nbsp;Boukje Thijs, eds, <em>Vermaak van de elite in de vroegmoderne tijd</em> (Hilversum 1999), pp. 190–202.</li> <li>Thomas Manley,<em> A short view of the lives of those illustrious princes, Henry, duke of Gloucester, and Mary</em> (London, 1661).</li> <li>Alison Plowden, <em>The Stuart princesses</em> (Stroud, 1996).</li> <li>J. Visser, ed., <em>Gloria Parendi. Dagboeken van Willem Frederik, stadhouder van Friesland, Groningen en Drenthe, 1643–1649, 1651–1654</em> (The Hague, 1995).</li> </ul> Biographical Text <p>In 1641, at the age of ten, Mary — the eldest daughter of the Stuart king Charles I — married Willem II van Oranje-Nassau (1626–1650). Following&nbsp;the death of his father,&nbsp;Frederik Hendrik, in 1647, Willem succeeded as stadtholder and&nbsp;Mary&nbsp;received the title of Princess of Orange [Oranje].&nbsp;Mary had a poor relationship with her mother-in-law, Amalia von Solms-Braunfels, in particular following&nbsp;the death of Willem. At this point the two women fought over the custody of Mary’s&nbsp;newborn son Willem III, the future stadtholder-king, as well as over the regency of&nbsp;the Princedom of Orange.&nbsp;When Charles Stuart regained the British throne in 1660, Mary followed her brother to London&nbsp;where he was crowned Charles II. She died there of smallpox shortly thereafter.</p> <p>While much of Mary’s correspondence remains&nbsp;to be collated, most of the letters currently&nbsp;in this catalogue are copies of her outgoing letters, collected and written in the hand of her secretary <a href="http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/person/4865ac77-5fa0-4a7f-9220-9985708d513e">Nicolaas Oudart</a>.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Stuart (Princess Royal and Princess of Orange) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18252">ODNB</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange">Wikipedia</a> <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/MariaHenriettaStuart">Vrouwenlexicon</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/55006628/">VIAF</a> Description An account of the resource In 1641, at the age of ten, Mary — the eldest daughter of the Stuart king Charles I — married Willem II van Oranje-Nassau (1626–1650). Following the death of his father, Frederik Hendrik, in 1647, Willem succeeded as stadholder and Mary received the title of Princess of Orange [Oranje].  http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/16b166ebe2dcd146532ab6cd1896e931.jpg 8ee4f3d8abcf0e57c59949cb89b3bfbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary II Stuart (Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Attributed to Willem Wissing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource After 1685 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context inv.no. SC/0043 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Mary II Stuart (Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland) Type The nature or genre of the resource Painting Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://www.koninklijkeverzamelingen.nl/mediabank/detail/c6952556-4e66-5143-b1fa-847be7ad3659/media/59017bb7-5c0d-4985-a2c8-37f251aba836 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1662 Death Date 1694 Occupation Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland; daughter of James II (1633–1701) and Anne Hyde (1637–1671); Princess of Orange. Bibliography <ul> <li>M. Bentink, ed., <em>Lettres et Mémoires de Marie Reine d’Angleterre, Épouse de Guillaume III</em> (The Hague, 1880).</li> <li>M. Bowen, <em>The third Mary Stuart. Mary of York, Orange &amp; England</em> (London, 1929).</li> <li>T. Claydon, <em>William III and the Godly Revolution</em> (Cambridge, 1996).</li> <li>R. Fruin, ‘Maria de gemalin van Prins Willem III’, <em>Verspreide geschriften,</em> 5 (The Hague, 1902).</li> <li>E. Gregg, <em>Queen Anne</em> (London, 1980).</li> <li>E. Hamilton, <em>William’s Mary. A biography of Mary II</em> (London, 1972).</li> <li>N. Japikse, <em>Prins Willem III. De stadhouder-koning</em>, 2 vols&nbsp;(Amsterdam, 1930–3).</li> <li>F. J. L. Krämer, <em>Maria II Stuart. Gemalin van Willem den Derden</em> (Utrecht, 1890).</li> <li>J. W. A. Naber, ‘Maria van Engeland 1662–1694’, in <em>De vorstinnen van het Huis van Oranje-Nassau</em> (Haarlem, 1898).</li> <li>R. P. Maccubbin and M. Hamilton-Phillips, eds, <em>The Age of William III and Mary II: Power, Politics and Patronage</em> (Williamsburg, 1989).</li> <li>L. Schwoerer, ed., <em>The Revolution of 1688–1689: Changing Perspectives</em> (Cambridge, 1992).</li> <li>W. Troost, <em>William III the Stadholder-king: A Political Biography</em> (Farnham,&nbsp;2005).</li> <li>M. Waller, <em>Ungrateful Daughters: the Stuart Princesses Who Stole Their Father’s Crown</em> (London, 2002).</li> <li>H. and B. van der Zee, <em>William and Mary</em> (London, 1973).</li> </ul> Biographical Text Mary was a daughter of the Stuart king James II of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his first wife Anne Hyde. As a result of her marriage in 1677 to her cousin, Stadtholder Willem III of Oranje-Nassau, she became Princess of Orange [Oranje] and Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1689. Through her support of the intervention of Willem III in English politics and her role in England following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Mary helped shape the history of both the Dutch Republic and England: the revolution in England proved to be sustainable and the alliance of the Dutch Republic with England was to forge an important buffer against the French. The combination of an unsettled childhood, an early marriage to an all-too-infrequently accessible husband that propelled her into an unfamiliar environment, several miscarriages which resulted in childlessness, and conflicts with her Catholic father made her private life particularly stressful. During politically turbulent times, however, Mary transformed from a mentally fragile young woman into a strong and forceful personality. She found both protection and guidance within the Protestant faith, and diverted herself with creative pastimes such as architecture and garden design. While the metadata of much of her correspondence remains to be collated, the majority of the letters at present in this catalogue were received by Mary during the period between 1677 and 1689 when she lived in the Dutch Republic. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary II Stuart (Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18246">ODNB</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_II_of_England">Wikipedia</a> <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/MariaStuartII">Vrouwenlexicon</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/76375822/">VIAF</a> Description An account of the resource Mary was a daughter of the Stuart king James II of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his first wife Anne Hyde. As a result of her marriage in 1677 to her cousin, Stadtholder Willem III of Oranje-Nassau, she became Princess of Orange [Oranje] and Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1689. http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/d821f81fa23b0b0b968ad7c13ac74489.jpg d322e55cd485a71960ac2304b2d26baf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Attributed to Paulus Moreelse Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1620-1625 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Type The nature or genre of the resource Painting Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SC/0351 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://www.koninklijkeverzamelingen.nl/mediabank/detail/?q=sophia%20hedwig&page=1&mode=detail&rows=1 http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/52351e51da6d34735ebaa1e7f58d06bb.jpg 08ec0059f0fc0e61f9a9e7f1c3106f6c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wybrand de Geest Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1632 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Type The nature or genre of the resource Portrait Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SC-0313 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1592 Death Date 1642 Occupation Wife of Hendrik Casimir van Nassau-Dietz, stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe. Bibliography <ul> <li>W. Bergsma, ed., ‘Het hof van de Friese Nassaus (1584–1747)’, <em>It Beaken,&nbsp;</em>60, no&nbsp;3/4 (1998).</li> <li>M. Bruggeman and A. P. van Nienes, eds, <em>Archieven van de Friese stadhouders. Inventarissen van de archieven van de Friese stadhouders van Willem Lodewijk tot en met Willem V, 1584–1795</em> (Hilversum, 2002).</li> <li>S. Groenveld, ‘Nassau contra Oranje in de 17e eeuwse Republiek’, <em>Jaarboek Oranje-Nassau Museum</em> (1997), pp. 10–53.</li> <li>S. Groenveld, ed.,<em> Nassau uit de schaduw van Oranje</em> (Franeker, 2003).</li> <li>R. Heck, <em>Die Regentschaft der Grafin Sophie Hedwig von Nassau-Dietz 1632–1642</em> (Dietz, 1923).</li> <li>M. Klatter, ‘Een vergeten stammoeder van de Oranjes. Sophia Hedwig, gravin van Nassau-Dietz’, in E. Kloek, ed., <em>Markante vrouwen, themanummer Spiegel Historiael,&nbsp;</em>40, no. 7/8 (2005).</li> <li>L. Kooijmans, <em>Liefde in opdracht. Het hofleven van Willem Frederik van Nassau</em> (Amsterdam, 2000).</li> <li>J. J. Poelhekke, <em>Frederik Hendrik prins van Oranje. Een biografisch drieluik</em> (Zutphen, 1978).</li> <li>J. Steur, ‘Sophie Hedwig. Hertogin van Brunswijk-Luneburg, 1592–1642’, in E. van Beusekom, et al. eds, <em>Moeders uit ons vorstenhuis</em> (Amsterdam, 1938), pp. 99–118.</li> <li>J. Visser, ed., <em>Gloria Parendi,</em>&nbsp;<em>Dagboeken van Willem Frederik, stadhouder van Friesland, Groningen en Drenthe, 1643–1649, 1651–1654</em> (The Hague, 1995).</li> </ul> Biographical Text <p>As the eldest daughter of the duke of Braunschweig, a granddaughter of Frederik II, and a cousin of Christian IV (these latter two were both kings of Denmark), Sophia was raised&nbsp;at the ducal court in Wolffenbüttel. In 1607 she married count Ernst Casimir (1573–1632), who was eighteen years her senior and who had just inherited the county of Nassau-Dietz from his father Johan, a son of William the Silent. When&nbsp;in 1620&nbsp;Ernst Casimir succeeded his brother Willem Lodewijk as stadtholder of Friesland (including the provinces of Drenthe and Groningen), Sophia and her husband settled with their family at the Nassauhof in Leeuwarden. Of her nine children, only two sons —&nbsp;Hendrik Casimir (1612–1640) and Willem Frederik (1613–1664) — reached maturity. With Ernst Casimir engaged in military conflict for much of his rule, Sophia Hedwig assumed&nbsp;responsibility for their children’s education.</p> <p>It was through Sophia Hedwig that the Frisian court received a more prominent and international status. Following the death of her husband in 1632, and again after the death of her son Hendrik Casimir in 1640, Sophia Hedwig accepted regency over the family estates. During the Thirty Years’ War she displayed impressive managerial qualities in addition to significant diplomatic skills. She organized personally the armament of the local population, and she offered food and safe haven at Nassau Castle. As an expression of their gratitude for her services, her sons signed a declaration in 1634 in which they handed over formal government powers of the county of Nassau-Dietz to their mother.</p> <p>As a result of the marriage of her son Willem Frederik to &nbsp;Albertine van Oranje-Nassau, Sophia Hedwig may be considered the matriarch of the current Oranje-Nassau dynasty, the members of the present Dutch royal family being the direct descendants of this union.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Hedwig%20">Vrouwenlexicon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg">Wikipedia</a> Description An account of the resource As the eldest daughter of the duke of Braunschweig, a granddaughter of Frederik II, and a cousin of Christian IV (these latter two both kings of Denmark), Sophia was raised at the ducal court in Wolffenbüttel. In 1607 she married count Ernst Casimir (1573–1632), who was eighteen years her senior and who had just inherited the county of Nassau-Dietz from his father Johan, a son of William the Silent. http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/d1309668ae3d2df463b40e07dcdff6e8.jpg 535bb0f68722ea89bf5c12c57d5f21dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau with her children Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Abraham van den Tempel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Fries Museum, Leeuwarden Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikimedia Commons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1668 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1634 Death Date 1696 Occupation Wife of Willem Frederik van Nassau-Dietz, stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe; daughter of Frederick Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau and Amalia von Solms-Braunfels. Bibliography <ul> <li>A. M. Backer, <em>Er stond een vrouw in de tuin. Over de rol van vrouwen in het Nederlandse landschap</em> (Rotterdam, 2016).</li> <li>M. Bruggeman and A. P. van Nienes, eds, <em>Archieven van de Friese stadhouders. Inventarissen van de archieven van de Friese stadhouders van Willem Lodewijk tot en met Willem V, 1584–1795</em> (Hilversum, 2002).</li> <li>S. Groenveld, ‘Nassau contra Oranje in de 17de eeuwse Republiek’, <em>Jaarboek Oranje-Nassau Museum</em> (1997), pp. 11–53.</li> <li>A. A. Kleijn, <em>De stadhouders van Friesland uit het Huis van Nassau</em> (Nijkerk, 1904).</li> <li>G. H. Janssen, <em>Creaturen van macht. Patronage bij Willem Frederik van Nassau (1613–1664)</em> (Amsterdam, 2005).</li> <li>L. Kooijmans, <em>Liefde in opdracht. Het hofleven van Willem Frederik van Nassau</em> (Amsterdam, 2000).</li> <li>R. Mulder-Radetzky, ‘Huizen van Albertine Agnes’, in S. Groenveld, J. J. Huizinga and&nbsp;Y. B. Kuiper, eds, <em>Nassau uit de schaduw van Oranje</em> (Franeker, 2003), pp. 99–112.</li> <li>Johanna Naber and L. de Neve, <em>De vorstinnen van het Huis van Oranje-Nassau</em> (Haarlem, 1898).</li> <li>F. Storto, <em>Oranienstein. Barockschloss an der Lahn</em> (Koblenz, 1994).</li> <li>J. Visser, ‘De Friese stadhouders, De Witt en de Unie’, in J. J. Kalma and K. de Vries, eds, <em>Friesland in het rampjaar 1672. It jier fan de miste kânsen</em> (Leeuwarden, 1972), pp. 73–91.</li> <li>J. Visser, ed., <em>Gloria Parendi,</em> <em>Dagboeken van Willem Frederik, stadhouder van Friesland, Groningen en Drenthe, 1643–1649, 1651–1654</em> (The Hague, 1995).</li> </ul> Biographical Text <p>A daughter of Stadtholder Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau and his wife Amalia von Solms-Braunfels, Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau was the first member of&nbsp;the Oranje-Nassau dynasty to marry into&nbsp;the family of Nassau-Dietz. Following&nbsp;the death of her husband, the Frisian Stadtholder Willem Frederik (1613–1664), and until the coming-of-age&nbsp;of her son Hendrik Casimir II (1657–1696), Albertine Agnes became the first female ruler to assume&nbsp;the stadtholdership as regent, and her extensive correspondence throughout&nbsp;this period is testament to her work in this role.</p> <p>Albertine’s son Hendrik Casimir suffered from poor&nbsp;health. He&nbsp;was also short-tempered and, as a consequence, lacked diplomatic skills. Albertine, who was acutely aware of her son’s failings, continued to make&nbsp;frequent interventions on his behalf. The continuous rivalry between Hendrik Casimir and his cousin Stadtholder-King Willem III caused strained internal relations within the House of Nassau, something Albertine, in her role as mediator, also worked to improve.</p> <p>Albertine Agnes was widely known as the patron —&nbsp;a <em>Maecenas&nbsp;—</em>&nbsp;of a number of&nbsp;large architectural projects, as well as&nbsp;a passionate collector of paintings and <em>objects d’art</em>.&nbsp;</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/AlbertineAgnes">Vrouwenlexicon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Albertine_Agnes_of_Nassau%20">Wikipedia</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/60027133">VIAF</a>&nbsp;(1) <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/284377923">VIAF</a>&nbsp;(2) Description An account of the resource A daughter of Stadtholder Frederik Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau and his wife Amalia von Solms-Braunfels, Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau was the first member of the Oranje-Nassau dynasty to marry into the family of Nassau-Dietz. http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/fb3d6998fda7fdc4954cf4baca22d0ad.jpg c8c884da77e023116d9cccea1e1114a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Louis Volders Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1695 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context inv.no. SC/0311 Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Koninklijke Verzamelingen, Den Haag Type The nature or genre of the resource Painting Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://www.koninklijkeverzamelingen.nl/collectie-online/detail/c6952556-4e66-5143-b1fa-847be7ad3659/media/59017bb7-5c0d-4985-a2c8-37f251aba836 http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/exhibition/sw/files/original/9a9201a8f1ab4a1e04660af1bf9c4ea9.jpg 28b31679ba8f337e29d08a3f27a67034 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau Subject The topic of the resource Portrait of Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Petrus Aeneae Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Between 1683-1699 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Type The nature or genre of the resource Engraving Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.386207 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource People Description An account of the resource Publication in the EMLO union catalogue of the correspondences of six wives of seventeenth-century Stadtholders provides access for the very first time to a combined corpus of c. 3,550 letters and offers an unprecedented opportunity to analyze female power and influence in the political circles of the Dutch Republic at the Orange and Stuart courts in The Hague and their regional counterpart the Frisian court in Leeuwarden. This section of the exhibition provides individual introductory text for each stadtholder’s wife. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ineke Huysman, Huygens ING Person An individual. Birth Date 1666 Death Date 1726 Bibliography <ul> <li>Katharine Bechler, <em>Schloss Oranienbaum. Architektur- und Kunstpolitik der Oranierinnen in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts</em> (Halle, 2002), pp. 146–58.</li> <li>M. Bruggeman and A. P. van Nienes, eds, <em>Archieven van de Friese stadhouders. Inventarissen van de archieven van de Friese stadhouders van Willem Lodewijk tot en met Willem V, 1584–1795</em> (Hilversum, 2002).</li> <li>Marijke Bruggeman, <em>Nassau en de macht van Oranje. De strijd van de Friese Nassaus voor de erkenning van hun rechten, 1702–1747</em> (Hilversum, 2007).</li> <li>Robert Heck, <em>Die Regenten der ehemaligen Diezischen Lande aus den Haüsern Diez und Nassau-Diez in Wort und Bild</em> (Diez, 1912) pp. 61–6 and 76–87.</li> <li>N. Japikse, <em>De geschiedenis van het huis van Oranje-Nassau </em>(Den Haag, 1948), vol. 2, pp. 19–23.</li> <li>Peter Karstkarel and Hugo Kingmans, <em>Oranje-Nassau &amp; Friesland</em> (Leeuwarden, 1994), pp. 62–7.</li> <li>Hélène de Muij-Fleurke and Bernard Woelderink, ‘Die Hochzeit von Heinrich Casimir II und Henriette Amalia im Jahre 1683 in Dessau und ihr festlicher Empfang in Friesland im Jahre 1684’,<em> Oranienbaum. Huis van Oranje</em> (2003), pp. 113–18.</li> <li>R. L. M. Mulder-Radetzky and B. H. de Vries, <em>Geschiedenis van Oranjewoud. Van vorstelijk lustslot tot voorname buitenplaatsen</em> (Alphen aan den Rijn, 1999), pp. 13–17.</li> <li>Johanna W. A. Naber, <em>Onze vorstinnen uit het Huis van Oranje-Nassau in het stadhouderlijk tijdperk</em> (Haarlem, 1911), vol. 2, pp. 12–20.</li> <li>M. D. Ozinga, <em>Daniel Marot. De schepper van den Hollandschen Louis XIV-stijl</em> (Amsterdam, 1938), pp. 21–2 and 103–24.</li> <li>J. Steur, ‘Amalia, prinses van Anhalt-Dessau, 1666–1726’, in E. van Beusekom, et al., ed., <em>Moeders uit ons vorstenhuis</em> (Amsterdam, 1938), pp. 125–9.</li> </ul> Occupation Wife of Hendrik Casimir II van Nassau-Dietz, stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe. Biographical Text <p>In 1696, following&nbsp;the death of her husband Hendrik Casimir II (1657–1696), Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau became regent on behalf of&nbsp;her son Johan Willem Friso (1687–1711), and she held this post&nbsp;until he&nbsp;came of age in&nbsp;1707. When the Dutch Stadtholder-King Willem III [William III of England, Scotland, and Ireland] died childless in 1702, Henriette Amalia succeeded in&nbsp;securing the succession for her son. As the States-General had been appointed executors for Willem III, Henriette Amalia was forced&nbsp;to lobby zealously to ensure that the official authorities of&nbsp;all seven provinces backed Johan Willem Friso.</p> <p>When Johan Willem Friso died unexpectedly in 1711, Amalia failed to secure&nbsp;regency on behalf of her grandson, the future Stadtholder Willem IV, as the states of Frisia preferred her daughter-in-law Maria Louise von Hessen-Kassel for&nbsp;this role.</p> <p>Although&nbsp;Henriette Amalia's agency was not successful in all respects, her correspondence is significantly&nbsp;more substantial&nbsp;than that of her two female predecessors, Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolffenbüttel and Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau, and it bears testament to her extensive diplomatic activities.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/HenrietteAmalia">Vrouwenlexicon</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Henri%C3%ABtte_Amalia_of_Anhalt-Dessau">Wikipedia</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/316876325/">VIAF</a> Description An account of the resource In 1696, following the death of her husband Hendrik Casimir II (1657–1696), Henriette Amalia von Anhalt-Dessau became regent on behalf of her son Johan Willem Friso (1687–1711), and she held this post until he came of age in 1707.